Aquagenics

Trivalent ion/polymer coagulation of suspended particles and the addition of supplementary alkalinity/acid to support the coagulation process is the essence of pre-treatment. The addition of a coagulant to raw water destabilizes or neutralizes electrically-charged suspended particles thus prepares suspended matter and colloids for flocculation and subsequent liquid/solids phase separation.

Flocculation is arranged with vertical two-stage reel and axial flow propeller type flocculators or hydraulically-pulsed sludge blanket flocculators - as appropriate. Flocculation detention times are typically 10 to 30 minutes (water temperature, site and process specific) for the development of insoluble hydroxide floc.

Raw water testing

Sedimentation Clarification employs a static, (no submerged moving parts) conventional sedimentation process. Tube settlers remove finer flocs and facilitate high clarification rates. Sludge extraction is hydraulically mobilized. Energy and maintenance requirements are significantly lower than for competing microfiltration systems; achievable electrical energy cost savings of $20 - $30/ML are typical.

Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) Clarification is particularly suitable for colder waters. The process is high rate relative to sedimentation and offers particularly robust, trouble free operation.

Filtration predominately utilizes dual media (silica sand and filter coal) deep-bed open rapid gravity filters fitted with robust PVC underdrains and separate air-scour distribution laterals. Air-scouring followed by combined air water washing brings about very effective and efficient media cleansing and minimizes dirty washwater volumes.

Ancillary plant for 3 ML/day AQUAPAC® - Victoria

Chemical plants include oxidizing agents for manganese and DOC treatment, fluoride addition, pH control, coagulants, filter aids, powdered activated carbon as appropriate. Bunding, chemical storage, access, signage and safety provisions comply with appropriate dangerous goods and safety codes.

Sludge management includes sludge concentration prior to discharge, highly mobilized sludge extraction and conditioning, automatic blow down, external sludge thickening and sludge settling lagoons or drying beds.

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